ODN 1826 VacciGrade™

CpG ODN, type B (mouse) - TLR9-based vaccine adjuvant

TLR9 activation with ODN 1826

ODN 1826 VacciGrade™ is a Class B CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) with a preference for the mouse Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). CpG ODNs are short synthetic single-stranded DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG motifs). These unmethylated CpG motifs mimic microbial DNA and act as immunostimulants via TLR9 [1]. 

 More details

ODN 1826 has been tested as an adjuvant in numerous animal models [2-4]. It has been demonstrated that ODN 1826 administration can activate of antigen-presenting cells and type I IFN anti-viral activity [8-9]. It strongly activates B cells, weakly stimulates IFN-α secretion in pDCs, and generates Th1-dominant immune responses [5]. 

In HEK-Blue™-derived reporter cells, ODN 1826 VacciGrade™ efficiently activates mTLR9, but not human (h)TLR9. Interestingly, ODN 1826 VacciGrade™ can activate the hTLR9-mediated NF-κB and IRF pathways as verified using InvivoGen's THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 cells. This monocytic cell line overexpresses the human TLR9 gene as well as two inducible reporter genes for the NF-κB-inducible SEAP (secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase) and IRF-inducible Lucia luciferase (see figures).

VacciGrade™ is a high-quality pre-clinical grade, suitable for in vivo use.
A standard grade ODN 1826 for in vitro assays is also available.

ODN 1826 VacciGrade™​ is for research use only, and not for human or veterinary use. It is not a pharmaceutical preparation fit for vaccine manufacturing.

Get more information about CpG ODNs Classes.

References

1. Kumagai Y. et al., 2008. TLR9 as a key receptor of the recognition of DNA. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 60(7):795-804.
2. Xiong Z. et al., 2008. Effective CpG immunotherapy of breast carcinoma prevents but fails to eradicate established brain metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 14: 5484-93.
3. Longhi MP. et al., 2009. Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant. J Exp Med 206: 1589-602.
4. Ank MB. et al., 2008. An important role for type III interferon (IFN-lambda/IL-28) in TLR-induced antiviral activity. J Immunol 180: 2474-85.
5. Krug A. et al. 2001. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol, 31(7): 2154-63.

Figures

Dose-dependent NF-κB response in HEK-Blue™-derived cells. HEK-Blue™ mTLR9 and HEK-Blue™ hTLR9 cells were cultured in HEK-Blue™ Detection reagent and incubated with increasing concentrations of ODN 1826. After 24h, the mTLR9-induced NF‑κB response was assessed by measuring the SEAP activity using QUANTI-Blue™. Data are shown as optical density (OD) at 650 nm (mean + SEM).

Dose-dependent NF-κB and IRF responses in THP1-Dual™ hTLR9 cells. Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of ODN 1826. After 24h, the hTLR9-induced (A) NF‑κB and (B) IRF responses were assessed by measuring SEAP and Lucia activity using QUANTI-Blue™ and QUANTI-Luc™, respectively. Data are shown as optical density (OD) at 650 nm or in fold increase over non-induced cells (mean + SEM).

Specifications

ODN1826 sequence: 5’-tccatgacgttcctgacgtt-3’ (20 mer)

Description: TLR9 agonist VacciGrade™

Polarization of adaptive immune response: Th1 response

Solubility: 2 mg/ml in physiological water

Working concentration: 20 - 50 μg/mouse

Quality control:

• Sterility guaranteed
• The absence of bacterial contamination (lipoproteins & endotoxins) has been confirmed using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 and HEK-Blue™ TLR4 cells
• Endotoxin level < 1 EU/mg (measurement by kinetic chromogenic LAL assay)

Contents

• 1 mg (157.1 nmol) of sterile lyophilized ODN 1826 VacciGrade™
• 10 ml sterile endotoxin-free physiological water (NaCl 0.9%)

ODN 1826 VacciGrade™ is shipped at room temperature

Should be stored at -20°C for up to 1 year.

Product is stable for 6 months at -20°C when properly stored.

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

VacciGrade™

VacciGrade™ is a high-quality pre-clinical grade. VacciGrade™ products are filter-sterilized (0.2 µm) and filled under strict aseptic conditions in a clean room*. The absence of bacterial contamination is assessed by a sterility test using a pharmacopeia-derived assay. The level of bacterial contaminants (endotoxins and lipoproteins) in each lot is verified using a LAL assay and/or a TLR2 and TLR4 reporter assay.
*Except for LPS VacciGrade™, which is prepared in a laminar flow hood dedicated to LPS.

Details

CpG ODNs

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODNs), such as ODN 1018, have been extensively studied as adjuvants [1]. These CpG motifs are present at a 20-fold greater frequency in bacterial DNA compared to mammalian DNA [2]. CpG ODNs are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which is expressed on human B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thereby inducing Th1-dominated immune responses [3]. Pre-clinical studies, conducted in rodents and non-human primates, as well as human clinical trials, have demonstrated that CpG ODNs can significantly improve vaccine-specific antibody responses [1]. Three types of stimulatory CpG ODNs have been identified, types A, B, and C, which differ in their immune-stimulatory activities [4-5]. 

Toll-like receptor 9

The Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) is an endosomal receptor that triggers NF-κB- and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-mediated pro-inflammatory responses upon the recognition of unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanosine (CpG) forms of DNA [6-8]. Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are a hallmark of microbial (bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasite) DNA, as well as mitochondrial self-DNA [8,9]. These TLR9 agonists can be mimicked by synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODNs), which have been extensively studied to improve adaptive immune responses in the context of vaccination [6,8].

TLR9 is mainly expressed in subsets of Dendritic Cells and B cells of all mammals. In rodents, but not in humans, TLR9 is also expressed in monocytes and macrophages [8]. The structure of the receptor varies by 24% between human TLR9 (hTLR9) and mouse TLR9 (mTLR9) [8]. They recognize different CpG motifs, the optimal sequences being GTCGTT and GACGTT for hTLR9 and mTLR9, respectively [10].
 

References:

1. Steinhagen F. et al., 2011. TLR-based immune adjuvants. Vaccine 29(17):3341-55.
2. Hemmi H. et al., 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408:740-5.
3. Coffman RL. et al., 2010. Vaccine adjuvants: Putting innate immunity to work. Immunity 33(4):492-503.
4. Krug A. et al., 2001. Identification of CpG oligonucleotide sequences with high induction of IFN-alpha/beta in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol, 31(7): 2154-63.
5. Marshall JD. et al., 2005. Superior activity of the type C class of ISS in vitro and in vivo across multiple species. DNA Cell Biol. 24(2):63-72.
6. Kumagai Y. et al., 2008. TLR9 as a key receptor of the recognition of DNA. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 60(7):795-804.
7. Heinz L.X. et al., 2021. TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9. Nature. 581(7808):316-322.
8. Kayraklioglu N. et al., 2021. CpG oligonucleotides as vaccine adjuvants. DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 2197. p51-77.
9. Kumar V., 2021. The trinity of cGAS, TLR9, and ALRs: guardians of the cellular galaxy against host-derived self-DNA. Front. Immunol. 11:624597.
10. Bauer S. et al., 2001. Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98(16):9237-42.